Perched at an altitude of 1,150 meters above sea level amid the spectacular spires of the Lucanian Dolomites, Pietrapertosa Castle dominates the village of the same name from its highest position, offering one of the most striking views in Basilicata. Its origins date back to the first decade of the 11th century, when it was built as a Saracen fortress by Prince Bomar, who made it his residence. Around the castle developed the oldest urban core of the town, known as the Arabata district.
Over the centuries, the castle passed to the Normans and then to the Swabians, taking on the function of a military stronghold and symbol of domination. Mentioned in the Catalogus Baronum and in documents of the Angevin Curia in the 13th century, it became a fief of important families of the Kingdom of Naples such as the Carafa, the Aprano, the Suardo and finally the Sifola. The structure was gradually transformed from a defensive fortress into a baronial residence before gradual abandonment in the 19th century.
Archaeological excavations and recent restoration work have revealed the various phases of the building’s expansion and brought to light fascinating medieval architectural elements: the entrance defended by machicolations, the wall with buildings leaning against it, two large rainwater cisterns, a double-room hypogeum, semi-dupestrian rooms, prisons, a watchtower, and even the remains of an ancient wooden log preserved in the slime of a cistern.
Particularly fascinating is the early medieval necropolis, carved into the living rock, with arcosolium burials accessible in ancient times only by removable stairs. The construction techniques of the walls, based on the use of diatons (small wooden beams driven in transversely), testify to the ingenuity of medieval defensive architecture.
Today, Pietrapertosa Castle is fully visitable thanks to modern and respectful restoration work, with removable structures that allow a safe route through the ruins. Access is via two well-marked paths, one of which has a cable car. Nestled in a unique landscape, the castle is a must-see for those who want to discover the history and natural wonders of Basilicata.